船东互保协会

简介

P. & I. Clubs 船东互保协会（SHIPOWNERS MUTUAL ASSURANCE ASSOCIATION）。船东互保协会规定承保规模，它由船东构成，意图为或许承受的责任规模供应金融保障。作为船东面对同类性质风险的结果，船东互保协会在风险放在与类业务量这一互助的基础上运转；每年度102保险费的溢价将汇入依据风险暴露程度确定的共同基金，而损失将从该共同基金对外弥补。

每一成员每年度缴纳费用的定价依据他期望承保的灾难情形、所选择的绝对免配额(deductibles)和他所提示披露的特别风险(inpidual risk)确定。这个基准定价（包含保持协会运转支出每一成员承受的比例和再保险费(reinsurance pmiums)）,乘以保单年度中输入的总吨数，进而造成“预付保险费(advance call)”。在保单年度结束后，年度余额为预付保险费收入减去已付和应付的诉讼费用、管理费用、在保险费用和代理费用。假使各种费用超支，将向各成员按预付保险费的比例（一次或数次）征收补充保险费(supplementary calls)。假使收入多于各种支出，将按同样基础作出返还。

换言之，协会成员分摊各自的责任，保险人也是被保险人。当前有差不多20家的船东互保协会在运转。大部分协会已加入保障和赔款俱乐部国际集团(International Group of Protection and Indemnity Clubs) ，该集团是出于再保险目的和处理大部分成员关心困难而构成的联营体。首要的船东互保协会在英国、斯堪的纳维亚(半岛)(瑞典、挪威、丹麦、冰岛的泛称)、日本和美国。国际集团的俱乐部有

The American Steamship Owners Mutual Protection and Indemnity Association, Inc. [ http://www.american-club.com/ ]

Assuranceforeningen Gard (Gjensidig) [ http://www.gard.no/ ]

Assuranceforeningen Skuld (Gjensidig) [ http://www.skuld.com/ ]

Britannia Steam Ship Insurance Association Ltd.

Japan Ship Owners' Mutual Protection & Indemnity Association [ http://www.piclub.or.jp/ ]

Liverpool and London Steamship Protection & Indemnity Association Limited

London Steam-Ship Owners' Mutual Insurance Association Limited [ http://www.lsso.com/ ]

North of England P. & I. Association [ http://www.nepia.com/ ]

Shipowners' Mutual Protection and Indemnity Association, St. Clare House

Standard Steamship Owners' Protection & Indemnity Association Limited [ http://www.standard-club.com/ ]

Steamship Mutual Underwriting Association Limited [ http://www.ssmua.com/ ]

Sveriges Angfartygs Assurans Forening (The Swedish Club)

United Kingdom Mutual Steam-Ship Assurance Association Limited [ http://www.ukpandi.com/ ]

West of England Ship Owners Mutual Insurance Services Limted [ http://www.westpandi.com/ ]